1 Samuel 30:19

Authorized King James Version

And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וְלֹ֣א

H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נֶעְדַּר

H5737

And there was nothing lacking

to arrange, as a battle, a vineyard (to hoe); hence, to muster and so to miss (or find wanting)

לָ֠הֶם

מִן

H4480

to them neither

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַקָּטֹ֨ן

H6996

small

abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)

וְעַד

H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

הַגָּד֜וֹל

H1419

nor great

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

וְעַד

H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

בָּנִ֤ים

H1121

neither sons

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

#10

וּבָנוֹת֙

H1323

nor daughters

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

#11

וּמִשָּׁלָ֔ל

H7998

neither spoil

booty

#12

וְעַ֛ד

H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

#13

כָּל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

#14

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#15

לָֽקְח֖וּ

H3947

nor any thing that they had taken

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

#16

לָהֶ֑ם

#17

הַכֹּ֖ל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

#18

הֵשִׁ֥יב

H7725

recovered

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

#19

דָּוִֽד׃

H1732

to them David

david, the youngest son of jesse

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

In what ways does this verse's emphasis on divine revelation address religious pluralism and questions about the necessity of Christ, and how should the church respond?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of from physical deliverance in the Old Testament to spiritual redemption in the New, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?
In what ways does understanding divine revelation in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?

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